OntoGSN
language en

OntoGSN

Release: 2025-02-20

Modified on: 2026-11-05
This version:
https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology/1.3.0
Previous version:
https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology/1.2.3
Revision:
1.3.0
Issued on:
2026-11-05
Authors:
Tomas Bueno Momčilović
Contributors:
Barbara Gallina
Dian Balta
Ingmar Kessler
Jule Hendricks
Publisher:
fortiss GmbH
Source:
https://scsc.uk/SCSC-141C
See also:
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.11023
Download serialization:
JSON-LD RDF/XML N-Triples TTL
License:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Visualization:
Visualize with WebVowl
Cite as:
Bueno Momčilović, T. (2026). OntoGSN (Version 1.3.0) [Ontology]. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17808330
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.17808330
published

OntoGSN: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Annotation Properties

SWRL Rules

OntoGSN: Description back to ToC

OntoGSN is an ontology for managing assurance cases in the Goal Structuring Notation (GSN). The goal of the ontology is to help users in linking the elements of their cases - claims and evidence - with the internationalized resource identifiers (IRIs) of represented concepts, events and data, and in evaluating the validity of their argument.

Cross-reference for OntoGSN classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by OntoGSN.

Classes

Argumentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#Argument

A body of information presented with the intention to establish one or more claims through the presentation of related supporting claims, evidence and contextual information.
has super-classes
is in domain of
argument type dp, contains op, final dp, instantiation of op, published dp, statement dp, structured dp, valid dp
is in range of
associated with op, contains op

Artefactc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#Artefact

[OntoGSN] Information or objective artefacts (e.g., files) being offered in support or context of one or more claims.
is in range of
contains op, refers to op

Artefact Referencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#ArtefactReference

[OntoGSN] An element that makes no claim of its own and instead points at an artefact, such as a solution or a context expressed as a noun phrase.
has super-classes
GSN Element c
has sub-classes
Context c, Solution c
is in domain of
associated with op, assurance claim point dp, refers to op

Assumptionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#Assumption

An assumption, rendered as an oval with the letter 'A' at the top- or bottom-right, presents an intentionally unsubstantiated statement.
has super-classes
GSN Element c
is in domain of
away dp, consistent with op, public dp
is in range of
consistent with op, in context of op

Assurance Casec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#AssuranceCase

A reasoned and compelling argument, supported by a body of evidence, that a system, service or organisation will operate as intended for a defined application in a defined environment.
has super-classes
is in domain of
contains op, in doubt dp, statement dp

Cataloguec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#Catalogue

A pattern catalogue may be created to collate a series of patterns; where such a catalogue is created the structure and format of the definition should be consistent and each pattern’s definition should have a unique {pattern identifier}.
has super-classes
is in domain of
contains op

Contextc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#Context

A context, rendered as shown left, presents a contextual artefact. This can be a reference to contextual information, or a statement.
has super-classes
Artefact Reference c
is in domain of
away dp, consistent with op, public dp
is in range of
consistent with op, in context of op

Defeaterc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#Defeater

The source of challenge being applied; can be directed at any part of an argument. A defeater (goal or solution) can challenge any element in a goal structure, e.g. goal, solution, strategy, context, assumption, justification.
has super-classes

Goalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#Goal

(Claim is) A proposition being asserted by the author that is a true or false statement.
has super-classes
GSN Element c
is in domain of
away dp, challenges op, in context of op, public dp, supported by op, to be supported by contract dp, top (goal) dp, undeveloped dp
is in range of
supported by op

GSN Elementc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#GSNElement

Goals, solutions, strategies, contexts, assumptions and justifications form the principal elements of GSN.
has super-classes
has sub-classes
Artefact Reference c, Assumption c, Goal c, Justification c, Module c, Strategy c
is in domain of
defeated dp, in doubt dp, in module op, instantiation of op, off-diagram dp, statement dp, transitively challenges op, transitively supported by op, true dp, uninstantiated dp, valid dp
is in range of
attached to op, challenges op, contains op, transitively challenges op, transitively supported by op

Instantiation Data Referencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#InstantiationDataReference

This symbol indicates that the GSN argument below the attached element is to be instantiated as a template argument. It provides a reference to the information used to instantiate the template argument.
is in domain of
attached to op, refers to op

Justificationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#Justification

A justification, rendered as an oval with the letter 'J' at the top- or bottom-right, presents a statement of rationale.
has super-classes
GSN Element c
is in domain of
away dp, public dp, substituted by op
is in range of
in context of op

Modulec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#Module

Goal structures can be partitioned into separate, but interrelated, modules. This can allow the division of an overall goal structure into separate goal structures focusing on particular aspects of the overall argument. A module may contain one or more arguments and may contain other modules.
has super-classes
GSN Element c
is in domain of
contains op, contract dp, in context of op, supported by op, transitively in context of op
is in range of
depicts op, in context of op, in module op, supported by op, transitively in context of op

Patternc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#Pattern

[OntoGSN] A reusable argument structure, accompanied by a description that defines its intent and the constraints on its use, from which concrete arguments are instantiated.
has super-classes
has sub-classes
Template c
is in domain of
applicability ap, collaboration ap, consequences ap, contains op, examples ap, final dp, implementation ap, intent ap, known uses ap, motivation ap, participants ap, published dp, related to op, structure ap, valid dp
is in range of
contains op, instantiation of op, related to op

Relationshipc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#Relationship

[OntoGSN] A link between GSN elements treated as an individual in its own right, carrying its subject, object and type, so that the link itself can be decorated and described.
has super-classes
Statement c
has sub-classes
Relationship with Confidence c
is in domain of
choice dp, defeated dp, in doubt dp, maximum cardinality dp, minimum cardinality dp, multiple dp, optional dp, relationship type dp, transitively challenges op, true dp, undeveloped dp, valid dp
is in range of
challenges op, transitively challenges op

Relationship with Confidencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#RelationshipWithConfidence

[OntoGSN] A relationship carrying an assurance claim point, whose associated confidence argument documents the reasons for having confidence in the relationship between two elements.
has super-classes
Relationship c
is in domain of
associated with op, assurance claim point dp

Solutionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#Solution

A solution, rendered as a circle, presents a reference to an evidence item.
has super-classes
Artefact Reference c
is in domain of
away dp, challenges op, public dp
is in range of
supported by op

Strategyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#Strategy

A strategy, rendered as a parallelogram, describes the inference that exists between a goal and its supporting goal(s).
has super-classes
GSN Element c
is in domain of
in context of op, supported by op, undeveloped dp
is in range of
supported by op

Templatec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#Template

A template argument is a special case of a pattern argument. It uses the core GSN and argument pattern extension to construct an argument structure which requires no further development.
has super-classes
Pattern c
is in range of
attached to op

Viewc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#View

The argument view depicts the argument inside an individual module.
is in domain of
depicts op, view type dp

Object Properties

associated withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#associatedWith

[OntoGSN] Links a relationship or an artefact reference to the confidence argument provided for it.
has domain
Artefact Reference c or Relationship with Confidence c
has range
Argument c

attached toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#attachedTo

[OntoGSN] Links an instantiation data reference to the element or template argument it annotates.
has domain
Instantiation Data Reference c
has range
GSN Element c or Template c

challengesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#challenges

Allows a Challenge to any GSN entity to be documented. A goal, (core element) can be used in a dialectic context to assert a challenge to part of the argument. A solution, (core element) can be used to present a reference to an evidence item that asserts a challenge to part of the argument.
has domain
Goal c or Solution c
has range
GSN Element c or Relationship c

consistent withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#consistentWith

By making the relationship to the away goal the author is asserting not only the inference of support for the parent goal, but also that the context in which the away goal is declared is consistent with the context and assumptions in scope for the parent goal.

has characteristics: symmetric

has domain
Assumption c or Context c
has range
Assumption c or Context c

containsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#contains

[OntoGSN] Relates a container (e.g., an assurance case, argument, module, catalogue or pattern) to its components (e.g., elements, arguments, patterns or artefacts).
has domain
Argument c or Assurance Case c or Catalogue c or Module c or Pattern c
has range
Argument c or Artefact c or GSN Element c or Pattern c

depictsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#depicts

The argument view depicts the argument inside an individual module.
has domain
View c
has range
Module c

in context ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#inContextOf

InContextOf, rendered as a line with a hollow arrowhead, declares a contextual relationship.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
Goal c or Module c or Strategy c
has range
Assumption c or Context c or Justification c or Module c

in moduleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#inModule

The module an element belongs to, whether the element sits in an argument the module contains or in a module nested inside it.
has domain
GSN Element c
has range
Module c

instantiation ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#instantiationOf

[OntoGSN] Relates an argument or element to the pattern it was instantiated from.
has domain
Argument c or GSN Element c
has range
Pattern c

refers toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#refersTo

[OntoGSN] Relates an artefact reference or an instantiation data reference to the artefact it points at.
has domain
Artefact Reference c or Instantiation Data Reference c
has range
Artefact c

related toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#relatedTo

This section can be used to reference patterns that are related e.g. addressing the same intent in a different context.
has domain
Pattern c
has range
Pattern c

substituted byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#substitutedBy

There may be occasions when a goal or strategy requires fuller justification than can be provided within the confines of a GSN justification element. In such cases, an away goal can be substituted for the justification.
has domain
Justification c
has range
Goal c and (away dp value true)

supported byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#supportedBy

SupportedBy, rendered as a line with a solid arrowhead, allows support relationships between elements to be documented.

has characteristics: asymmetric, irreflexive

has domain
Goal c or Module c or Strategy c
has range
Goal c or Module c or Solution c or Strategy c

transitively challengesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#transitivelyChallenges

[OntoGSN] Relates an element to every element that it reaches through a chain of one or more challenges.

has characteristics: transitive

has domain
GSN Element c or Relationship c
has range
GSN Element c or Relationship c

transitively in context ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#transitivelyInContextOf

[OntoGSN] Relates a module to every module that it reaches through a chain of one or more in-context-of links between modules.

has characteristics: transitive

has domain
Module c
has range
Module c

transitively supported byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#transitivelySupportedBy

[OntoGSN] Relates an element to every element that it reaches through a chain of one or more supported-by links.

has characteristics: transitive

has domain
GSN Element c
has range
GSN Element c

Data Properties

argument typedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#argumentType

[OntoGSN] Defines the kind of argument this is: a risk argument (i.e., the main content of assurance), a confidence argument for an assurance claim point, a compliance argument (undefined in the normative standard), or a dialectic argument.
has domain
Argument c
has range
{ "confidence" , "dialectic" , "risk" }

assurance claim pointdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#assuranceClaimPoint

An Assurance Claim Point (ACP) can be used in GSN to indicate that a confidence argument is associated with an assertion in a risk argument.
has domain
Artefact Reference c or Relationship with Confidence c
has range
boolean

awaydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#away

An away element reference repeats a claim or evidence presented in another argument module.
has domain
Assumption c or Context c or Goal c or Justification c or Solution c
has range
boolean

choicedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#choice

A GSN choice can be used to denote possible alternatives in satisfying a relationship.
has domain
Relationship c
has range
boolean

contractdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#contract

A contract module is a special type of module that controls the relationship between argument module interfaces using arguments to define how a goal in one module is supported by one or more goals in one or more other modules.
has domain
Module c
has range
boolean

defeateddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#defeated

This decorator symbol indicates that the element is defeated. The Defeated decorator can be applied to any of the GSN elements.
has domain
GSN Element c or Relationship c
has range
boolean

finaldp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#final

[OntoGSN] Determines whether this is the delivered version of the argument or pattern, in which no element remains uninstantiated or undeveloped.
has domain
Argument c or Pattern c
has range
boolean

in doubtdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#inDoubt

The dialectic challenge within this structure asserts that if the claim presented in Goal CG1 is true then this is sufficient to establish that the claim in Goal G1 in the original structure is in doubt.
has domain
Assurance Case c or GSN Element c or Relationship c
has range
boolean

maximum cardinalitydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#maxCardinality

[OntoGSN] The upper bound on how many instances of the related element this relationship stands for.
has domain
Relationship c
has range
non Negative Integer

minimum cardinalitydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#minCardinality

[OntoGSN] The lower bound on how many instances of the related element this relationship stands for.
has domain
Relationship c
has range
non Negative Integer

multipledp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#multiple

[OntoGSN] Determines whether the relationship stands for multiple instantiations rather than a single one.
has domain
Relationship c
has range
boolean

off-diagramdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#offDiagram

[OntoGSN] Determines whether the argument at this element continues in, or is a continuation from, a separate diagram.
has domain
GSN Element c
has range
boolean

optionaldp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#optional

Optional instantiation means that the relationship and the argument below may or may not be instantiated.
has domain
Relationship c
has range
boolean

publicdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#public

This indicates that the element is publicly visible in one or more interfaces of the module and can be referenced as an away element.
has domain
Assumption c or Context c or Goal c or Justification c or Solution c
has range
boolean

publisheddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#published

[OntoGSN] Determines whether the argument or pattern is in its published form, in which the undeveloped decorator is not permitted.
has domain
Argument c or Pattern c
has range
boolean

relationship typedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#relationshipType

An evidential relationship is a declared relationship between a claim and an evidence item by which the claim is substantiated. An inferential relationship is a declared inference between claims in the argument. A contextual relationship draws attention to explanatory contextual information.
has domain
Relationship c
has range
{ "contextual" , "dialectic" , "evidential" , "inferential" }

statementdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#statement

[OntoGSN] The text the element asserts, written to the grammatical rules the standard sets for GSN statements.
has domain
Argument c or Assurance Case c or GSN Element c
has range
string

structureddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#structured

A particular kind of argument where the relationships between the asserted claims, and from the evidence to the claims, are explicitly represented.
has domain
Argument c
has range
boolean

to be supported by contractdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#toBeSupportedByContract

Support for the claim presented by the attached goal is intended to be provided from an argument in another module linked by an as-yet-undisclosed contract.
has domain
Goal c
has range
boolean

top (goal)dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#top

A GSN Goal that presents the pinnacle claim in an argument. It is ‘top’ in terms of the argument hierarchy, rather than necessarily its physical layout. There may be more than one top goal in a GSN structure.
has domain
Goal c
has range
boolean

truedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#true

[OntoGSN] Marks whether the claim in the element or relationship is determined (e.g., by the auditor or some process) as correct or not.
has domain
GSN Element c or Relationship c
has range
boolean

undevelopeddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#undeveloped

Undeveloped element decorator, rendered as a hollow diamond applied to the bottom centre of an element, indicates that a line of argument has not been developed.
has domain
Goal c or Relationship c or Strategy c
has range
boolean

uninstantiateddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#uninstantiated

The attached element remains to be instantiated: at some later stage the abstract element needs to be replaced with a more concrete instance.
has domain
GSN Element c
has range
boolean

validdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#valid

[OntoGSN] Marks whether the element is determined (e.g., by a rule or a manual evaluation) to be consistent with the argument, or otherwise correct with respect to the GSN argument syntax.
has domain
Argument c or GSN Element c or Pattern c or Relationship c
has range
boolean

view typedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#viewType

[OntoGSN] Determines whether the view shows the argument or the module architecture.
has domain
View c
has range
{ "architecture" , "argument" }

Annotation Properties

abstractap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract

alt Labelap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel

applicabilityap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#applicability

The applicability section should state under what circumstances the pattern can be applied, making clear the assumptions and principles underlying the pattern to avoid inappropriate application in a mismatched context. This section should record what contextual information is required in order to apply the pattern.
has domain
Pattern c

bibliographic Citationap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation

citationap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/citation

collaborationap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#collaboration

The collaboration section should describe how elements of the pattern work together to achieve the desired effect, particularly where there are links that are not readily apparent from the argument structure.
has domain
Pattern c

consequencesap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#consequences

The consequences section should make clear what work remains after the pattern has been applied. This should highlight where further support to the argument is required, and assumptions that need to be discharged.
has domain
Pattern c

contributorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor

core or extensionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#coreOrExtension

Indicator of the sourcing section in the GSN Community Standard v3.

createdap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/created

creatorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator

definitionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition

descriptionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description

descriptionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/description

is also defined as
data property

disclaimerap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/disclaimer

doiap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/doi

examplesap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#examples

It may be useful to provide example illustrations of the application of the pattern, particularly for more abstract patterns. Illustrations should include a typical case and can be supplemented with atypical cases where more than one example is provided.
has domain
Pattern c

implementationap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#implementation

The implementation section should communicate how the application of the pattern is carried out e.g. the order in which elements should be developed; communicate hints or techniques that may ease successful application; highlight common or recognised pitfalls with the application of the pattern; and record potential misinterpretation of the terms or concepts in the pattern.
has domain
Pattern c

included In Data Catalogap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/includedInDataCatalog

inferred onlyap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#inferredOnly

[OntoGSN] Marks a property that a rule derives and that a case never asserts.

intentap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#intent

The intent statement should state clearly what the pattern aims to achieve.
has domain
Pattern c

is Rule Enabledap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/3.3/swrla.owl#isRuleEnabled

issuedap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued

known usesap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#knownUses

It may be useful to provide references to known applications of the pattern. These can serve as additional examples.
has domain
Pattern c

licenseap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://creativecommons.org/ns#license

licenseap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/license

modifiedap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified

motivationap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#motivation

The motivation statement can be used to state why the pattern was created. It could be expressed in terms of previous experiences e.g. as the abstraction of a successfully presented argument, or challenges addressed e.g. argument topics that are often incompletely or poorly addressed.
has domain
Pattern c

nameap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/name

noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note

participantsap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#participants

The participants section augments the structure by providing a description of each element. This can provide more complete descriptions, clarify the role of the element in the overall argument and emphasise the aspects that require development or instantiation.
has domain
Pattern c

preferred Namespace Prefixap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix

preferred Namespace Uriap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri

publisherap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/publisher

rendered asap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#renderedAs

scope Noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote

sourceap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source

statusap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status

structureap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/OntoGSN/ontology#structure

The structure uses the structural and element abstraction notations to present the pattern, clearly indicating where the argument needs to be further developed or populated with details to instantiate the pattern for a specific case.
has domain
Pattern c

titleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title

urlap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://schema.org/url

SWRL rules

Assumption False Propagationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

Assumption c(?A) , true dp(?A,"false"^^boolean) , in context of op(?B,?A) -> true dp(?B,"false"^^boolean)

Assumption Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

Assumption c(?A) , valid dp(?A,"false"^^boolean) , in context of op(?B,?A) -> valid dp(?B,"false"^^boolean)

Away Goal Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

subject op(?R,?G1) , Module c(?M1) , Goal c(?G1) , object op(?R,?G2) , Module c(?M2) , supported by op(?G1,?G2) , away dp(?G1,"true"^^boolean) , in module op(?G1,?M1) , in module op(?G2,?M2) -> valid dp(?R,"false"^^boolean)

Challenge Chain Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

challenges op(?D,?R) , subject op(?R,?G3) , object op(?R,?G1) , Goal c(?G1) , Goal c(?G3) , makeOWLThing(?S,?G3) , Goal c(?G2) , supported by op(?G3,?G1) , supported by op(?G3,?G2) , DifferentFrom(?G1,?G2) -> supported by op(?S,?G2) , supported by op(?G3,?S) , valid dp(?D,"false"^^boolean) , supported by op(?S,?G1) , challenges op(?D,?S) , valid dp(?S,"false"^^boolean) , valid dp(?R,"false"^^boolean) , Strategy c(?S)

Challenge Closureback to ToC or SWRL ToC

challenges op(?A,?B) -> transitively challenges op(?A,?B)

Challenge Cycle Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

transitively challenges op(?E,?E) -> valid dp(?E,"false"^^boolean)

Challenge Cycle Relationship Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

Relationship c(?R) , subject op(?R,?A) , object op(?R,?B) , challenges op(?A,?B) , transitively challenges op(?B,?A) -> valid dp(?R,"false"^^boolean)

Challenge Defeatback to ToC or SWRL ToC

valid dp(?S,"true"^^boolean) , challenges op(?S,?E) , Solution c(?S) -> defeated dp(?E,"true"^^boolean)

Challenge Doubtback to ToC or SWRL ToC

challenges op(?G,?E) , true dp(?G,"true"^^boolean) , Goal c(?G) -> in doubt dp(?E,"true"^^boolean)

Challenge Relation Creationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

challenges op(?A,?B) , makeOWLThing(?R,?A,?B) -> subject op(?R,?A) , Relationship c(?R) , object op(?R,?B) , relationship type dp(?R,"dialectic")

Confidence Relation Creationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

assurance claim point dp(?A,"true"^^boolean) , Artefact Reference c(?A) , makeOWLThing(?R,?A) -> Relationship with Confidence c(?R) , subject op(?R,?A) , assurance claim point dp(?R,"true"^^boolean)

Context Consistencyback to ToC or SWRL ToC

in context of op(?G1,?C1) , in context of op(?G2,?C2) , Goal c(?G1) , Goal c(?G2) , away dp(?G2,"true"^^boolean) , supported by op(?G1,?G2) , Context c(?C2) -> consistent with op(?C1,?C2)

Context Contract Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

in context of op(?A,?M1) , object op(?R,?M1) , Module c(?M1) , Module c(?M2) , contains op(?M2,?A) , subject op(?R,?A) , contract dp(?M2,"true"^^boolean) -> valid dp(?R,"false"^^boolean)

Context Inheritanceback to ToC or SWRL ToC

supported by op(?B,?C) , in context of op(?B,?A) , Assumption c(?A) , Goal c(?C) -> in context of op(?C,?A)

Context Relation Creationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

in context of op(?A,?B) , makeOWLThing(?R,?A,?B) -> subject op(?R,?A) , Relationship c(?R) , object op(?R,?B)

Contextual Relationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

subject op(?R,?A) , in context of op(?A,?B) , object op(?R,?B) -> relationship type dp(?R,"contextual")

Contract Activationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

away dp(?A,"true"^^boolean) , to be supported by contract dp(?A,"true"^^boolean) , Module c(?M1) , Module c(?M2) , in module op(?A,?M1) , in module op(?B,?M2) , supported by op(?A,?B) , DifferentFrom(?M1,?M2) -> contract dp(?M2,"true"^^boolean)

Contract Relation Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

contains op(?M,?B) , contains op(?M,?A) , to be supported by contract dp(?A,"true"^^boolean) , supported by op(?A,?B) , subject op(?R,?A) , Module c(?M) , object op(?R,?B) -> valid dp(?R,"false"^^boolean)

Contract Support Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

contains op(?M,?A) , to be supported by contract dp(?A,"true"^^boolean) , contract dp(?M,"true"^^boolean) , Module c(?M) -> valid dp(?A,"false"^^boolean)

Contract Violation Relationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

object op(?R,?M1) , Module c(?M1) , Module c(?M2) , contains op(?M2,?A) , supported by op(?A,?M1) , subject op(?R,?A) , contract dp(?M2,"true"^^boolean) -> valid dp(?R,"false"^^boolean)

Contradictory Goal Truthback to ToC or SWRL ToC

true dp(?A,"false"^^boolean) , true dp(?B,"true"^^boolean) , supported by op(?B,?A) , Goal c(?A) -> valid dp(?B,"false"^^boolean)

Cross-Module Away Contextback to ToC or SWRL ToC

in module op(?A,?M) , in module op(?B,?N) , Module c(?N) , in context of op(?A,?B) , Module c(?M) , DifferentFrom(?M,?N) -> away dp(?B,"true"^^boolean)

Cross-Module Away Supportback to ToC or SWRL ToC

in module op(?A,?M) , in module op(?B,?N) , supported by op(?A,?B) , Module c(?N) , Module c(?M) , DifferentFrom(?M,?N) -> away dp(?B,"true"^^boolean)

Cross-Module Supportback to ToC or SWRL ToC

supported by op(?E1,?M2) , Module c(?M1) , Module c(?M2) , in module op(?E1,?M1) , DifferentFrom(?M1,?M2) -> supported by op(?M1,?M2)

Defeated Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

defeated dp(?E,"true"^^boolean) -> valid dp(?E,"false"^^boolean)

Defeater Declarationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

challenges op(?A,?B) -> Defeater c(?A)

Duplicate ACP Identifier Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

assurance claim point dp(?A,"true"^^boolean) , assurance claim point dp(?B,"true"^^boolean) , identifier dp(?A,?N) , identifier dp(?B,?N) , DifferentFrom(?A,?B) -> valid dp(?A,"false"^^boolean) , valid dp(?B,"false"^^boolean)

Duplicate Identifier Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

contains op(?M,?B) , contains op(?M,?A) , identifier dp(?A,?ID) , Module c(?M) , DifferentFrom(?A,?B) , identifier dp(?B,?ID) -> valid dp(?A,"false"^^boolean) , valid dp(?B,"false"^^boolean)

Evidential Relationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

Solution c(?B) , supported by op(?A,?B) , subject op(?R,?A) , object op(?R,?B) -> relationship type dp(?R,"evidential")

Final Pattern Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

instantiation of op(?B,?C) , final dp(?A,"true"^^boolean) , Pattern c(?C) , contains op(?A,?B) , contains op(?A,?C) -> valid dp(?A,"false"^^boolean)

Goal Confidence Relationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

supported by op(?G,?S2) , Goal c(?S1) , object op(?R1,?S1) , Relationship with Confidence c(?R1) , makeOWLThing(?R2,?G,?S2) , supported by op(?G,?S1) , Goal c(?S2) , Goal c(?G) , DifferentFrom(?S1,?S2) , associated with op(?R1,?A) , subject op(?R1,?G) -> object op(?R2,?S2) , Relationship with Confidence c(?R2) , subject op(?R2,?G) , associated with op(?R2,?A) , assurance claim point dp(?R2,"true"^^boolean)

Goal Top Flagback to ToC or SWRL ToC

supported by op(?X,?A) , Goal c(?A) -> top (goal) dp(?A,"false"^^boolean)

Goal-Strategy Confidenceback to ToC or SWRL ToC

supported by op(?G2,?S) , Relationship with Confidence c(?R1) , subject op(?R1,?S) , supported by op(?S,?G1) , makeOWLThing(?R2,?G2,?S) , object op(?R1,?G1) , Strategy c(?S) , Goal c(?G1) , Goal c(?G2) , associated with op(?R1,?A) -> Relationship with Confidence c(?R2) , associated with op(?R2,?A) , assurance claim point dp(?R2,"true"^^boolean) , subject op(?R2,?G2) , object op(?R2,?S)

Inferential Relationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

Strategy c(?B) , supported by op(?A,?B) , subject op(?R,?A) , object op(?R,?B) -> relationship type dp(?R,"inferential")

Inferential Relation (Goal)back to ToC or SWRL ToC

supported by op(?A,?B) , subject op(?R,?A) , object op(?R,?B) , Goal c(?B) -> relationship type dp(?R,"inferential")

Mixed Support Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

valid dp(?B,"false"^^boolean) , valid dp(?A,"true"^^boolean) , supported by op(?C,?B) , supported by op(?C,?A) -> valid dp(?C,"false"^^boolean)

Module Context Closureback to ToC or SWRL ToC

Module c(?A) , Module c(?B) , in context of op(?A,?B) -> transitively in context of op(?A,?B)

Module Context Cycle Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

transitively in context of op(?M,?M) -> valid dp(?M,"false"^^boolean)

Module Context Cycle Relationship Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

Relationship c(?R) , subject op(?R,?A) , object op(?R,?B) , in context of op(?A,?B) , transitively in context of op(?B,?A) -> valid dp(?R,"false"^^boolean)

Module Context Propagationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

Module c(?M1) , Module c(?M2) , in module op(?E1,?M1) , in module op(?E2,?M2) , in context of op(?E1,?E2) , DifferentFrom(?M1,?M2) -> in context of op(?M1,?M2)

Module Membershipback to ToC or SWRL ToC

Module c(?M) , contains op(?M,?Arg) , Argument c(?Arg) , contains op(?Arg,?E) , GSN Element c(?E) -> in module op(?E,?M)

Module Support Propagationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

Module c(?M1) , Module c(?M2) , supported by op(?E1,?E2) , in module op(?E1,?M1) , in module op(?E2,?M2) , DifferentFrom(?M1,?M2) -> supported by op(?M1,?M2)

Nested Module Membershipback to ToC or SWRL ToC

Module c(?M) , contains op(?M,?N) , Module c(?N) , in module op(?E,?N) -> in module op(?E,?M)

Public Context Propagationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

public dp(?G,"true"^^boolean) , in context of op(?G,?C) , Goal c(?G) -> public dp(?C,"true"^^boolean)

Public Contract Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

contract dp(?C,"true"^^boolean) , public dp(?E,"true"^^boolean) , contains op(?C,?E) -> valid dp(?E,"false"^^boolean)

Relation False Propagationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

true dp(?R,"false"^^boolean) , subject op(?R,?A) , in context of op(?A,?B) , Relationship c(?R) , object op(?R,?B) -> true dp(?A,"false"^^boolean)

Solution Confidence Relationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

supported by op(?G,?S2) , Solution c(?S1) , object op(?R1,?S1) , Relationship with Confidence c(?R1) , makeOWLThing(?R2,?G,?S2) , supported by op(?G,?S1) , Goal c(?G) , DifferentFrom(?S1,?S2) , associated with op(?R1,?A) , subject op(?R1,?G) , Solution c(?S2) -> object op(?R2,?S2) , Relationship with Confidence c(?R2) , subject op(?R2,?G) , associated with op(?R2,?A) , assurance claim point dp(?R2,"true"^^boolean)

Solution Propagation (False)back to ToC or SWRL ToC

Solution c(?A) , true dp(?A,"false"^^boolean) , supported by op(?B,?A) -> true dp(?B,"false"^^boolean)

Solution Propagation (True)back to ToC or SWRL ToC

Solution c(?A) , supported by op(?B,?A) , true dp(?A,"true"^^boolean) -> true dp(?B,"true"^^boolean)

Strategy Confidence Relationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

supported by op(?G1,?S) , supported by op(?S,?G2) , Relationship with Confidence c(?R1) , makeOWLThing(?R2,?S,?G2) , Strategy c(?S) , Goal c(?G1) , Goal c(?G2) , object op(?R1,?S) , associated with op(?R1,?A) , subject op(?R1,?G1) -> subject op(?R2,?S) , Relationship with Confidence c(?R2) , object op(?R2,?G2) , associated with op(?R2,?A) , assurance claim point dp(?R2,"true"^^boolean)

Substitution Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

in module op(?G,?M2) , Module c(?M1) , Module c(?M2) , substituted by op(?J,?G) , in module op(?J,?M1) , Justification c(?J) , in context of op(?E,?J) , DifferentFrom(?M1,?M2) -> valid dp(?J,"false"^^boolean)

Support Closureback to ToC or SWRL ToC

supported by op(?A,?B) -> transitively supported by op(?A,?B)

Support Cycle Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

transitively supported by op(?E,?E) -> valid dp(?E,"false"^^boolean)

Support Cycle Relationship Invalidationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

Relationship c(?R) , subject op(?R,?A) , object op(?R,?B) , supported by op(?A,?B) , transitively supported by op(?B,?A) -> valid dp(?R,"false"^^boolean)

Support Relation Creationback to ToC or SWRL ToC

supported by op(?A,?B) , makeOWLThing(?R,?A,?B) -> subject op(?R,?A) , Relationship c(?R) , object op(?R,?B)

Template Undeveloped Invalidation (A)back to ToC or SWRL ToC

Template c(?A) , undeveloped dp(?R,"true"^^boolean) , subject op(?R,?A) , published dp(?A,"true"^^boolean) -> valid dp(?A,"false"^^boolean) , valid dp(?R,"false"^^boolean)

Template Undeveloped Invalidation (B)back to ToC or SWRL ToC

Template c(?A) , undeveloped dp(?R,"true"^^boolean) , subject op(?R,?B) , published dp(?A,"true"^^boolean) , contains op(?A,?B) -> valid dp(?A,"false"^^boolean) , valid dp(?R,"false"^^boolean)

Undeveloped Defeatback to ToC or SWRL ToC

undeveloped dp(?G,"false"^^boolean) , challenges op(?G,?E) , Goal c(?G) , in doubt dp(?E,"true"^^boolean) -> defeated dp(?E,"true"^^boolean)

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties
null

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.